U.S. economy

The American people have now met the high standard of living. U.S. economic system has been repeatedly criticized, but it does stimulate people to develop land resources, and encourage them to find newer and better ways. A small number of companies controlled by the colonial era most of the business empire. Most of them are family, father and son from the co-operation. Until today, small businesses in the United States economy continues to play an important role. However, in recent years, some companies have developed business at National Cheng Kung University. Industry In the United States in the industrial, manufacturing accounted for three-quarters of the total national production each year for the country for 4,500 billion U.S. dollars of income. This number reflects the value of the U.S. manufacturing sector, which does not include the costs of raw materials and supply costs, fees and fuel costs. The United States is the world's largest producer, the plant's annual production value of the goods, the world's second largest producer of the Soviet Union more nearly 500 million. On the base metals iron and steel industry, the U.S. produces one-fifth of the world; Motor account for a quarter of the world production, meat production accounts for one fifth of the world, and production accounts for one-third of the world's aluminum. In cheese, clothing, chemicals, paper, cardboard, textiles and other manufactured goods, the United States are the world's leading position. In the printing industry and the publishing industry, the United States is second to none. The largest of its most important industrial production, machine building, followed by the food industry. Other leading role in the manufacturing industries, including transportation equipment, chemicals, electrical and electronic equipment, basic metals, printing, publishing, paper manufacturing, and metal products manufacturing and so on. Throughout the history of the U.S. economy is a success from the colonial economy in transition to the 20th century, the world's largest industrialized nations of the course. The U.S. economy, both capitalism and the characteristics of the mixed economy. In this system, enterprises and the private sector to do the main micro-economic decision-making, in domestic economic life of the minor role; However, the sum of all levels of government accounted for 36% of GDP; in developed countries, the United States of society A relatively small network of well-being, the business of government control is also lower than in other developed countries. In all regions of the country, different center of gravity of economic activity. For example: New York City is the financial services, publishing, broadcasting and advertising industries at the center; is a Los Angeles film and television production center; San Francisco Bay Area and the Pacific Northwest coast is a technology development center; Midwest manufacturing and heavy industry center of Detroit is Famous motor city, Chicago is the region's financial and commercial center; to the south-eastern Chinese medicine research, tourism and building materials industry as the main industry and because of its salary costs lower than other regions, the manufacturing sector continued to attract investment. U.S. service sector accounted for the largest proportion of three-quarters of the country's labor in the service industry. The United States has abundant mineral resources, including gold, oil and uranium, but many of the energy supply are dependent on foreign imports. The United States is the world's largest agricultural exporting countries, mainly agricultural products, including corn, wheat, sugar and tobacco, the Great Plains in the central and western areas of agricultural production so that it astonishing as the "granary of the world." U.S. industrial products include the automotive, aircraft and electronic products. The United States also have well-developed tourism industry, ranking third in the world. U.S. aircraft also, iron and steel, electronic equipment and arms of the major exporting countries. The nation's largest trading partner is adjacent to Canada (19%), China (12%), Mexico (11%) and Japan (8%), followed by a day, up to about 1,100,000,000 U.S. dollars worth of products flow through the United States and Canada The national boundaries. The U.S. economy is considered to be the world's largest and most important economies. U.S. economy is highly developed, the world's countries with currencies pegged to the dollar, while the U.S. stock market is considered a barometer of the world economy. Although the United States per capita income among the best in the world, but the relative concentration of wealth, and Western Europe, compared to 40% of the population is relatively more poverty, and 20% of the more affluent. Since 1975, the low level of social mobility, the polarization of the labor market, the fruits of economic growth at the higher end of the flow of 20% of the families, the gap is due to the relatively higher in terms of economic freedom arising. However, the Gini coefficient, as shown in the United States that the average household income is still much higher than the vast majority of industrialized countries. And the United Nations in its "2006 Human Development Report," which the United States of the Human Development Index, the United States of the poorest 20% of the human development index and the self-proclaimed "superiority of socialism" of communist Cuba's National Human Development The same index. Since the 1980s, Ronald Reagan's presidency, the United States increased by neo-liberal economic policies on the use and reduce government intervention in the economy and reduce the size of the welfare system, since abandoned since the Great Depression of the long-standing, bias Kaiensipai interventionist economic policies. As a result, the U.S. government to provide social welfare services than other industrialized countries have little to lower domestic taxes and more dependent on the free market and private charities on. U.S. industrial manufacturing, led by California. This was followed by New York, Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Michigan, as well as a manufacturing center, and so on. The first U.S. manufacturing industry is New England along the river's development. From the rapid rivers and waterfalls to promote hydraulic machinery plant. Since coal has become the main source of power, many factories moved to Pennsylvania and other coal-producing states of the region. The big industrial cities such as Birmingham, Cleveland and Pittsburgh are a result of coal and prosperity. Wait until oil and electricity has become an important energy source, some industries will no longer be located in the coal-producing area. As long as sufficient manpower or raw materials, can be set up factories. Transit also be able to influence the establishment of industrial zones. Chicago has become the most important industrial centers of the United States, in part because it is located at the top of Lake Michigan, and the intersection of the continental United States. New York City Transit excellent, excellent port, making it the first U.S. city and manufacturing center. The Great Lakes region has made Buffalo, Detroit, Milwaukee, an important industrial center. In 1800 arising from the development of two big industrial revolution. First, the machine tool invention, and the other is the use of individual parts. Until the 20th century, the United States has no industry and the development of the two production lines at the association together. When the mind, low-cost mass production of a new era began. Henry Ford is the first to engage in mass production of risk-takers. Mass production makes the United States as the world's industrial giant, and raise the standard of living in the United States. Industrial automation to the United States of the importance of being constantly on the increase. Today, many of the industrial use of automatic machines. Automated production can reduce the manpower demand for labor, who made the training of senior technicians and engineers is more important position. Production automation to increase production, there have been many problems. For example, the machine has been replaced by workers on the other have to accept professional training, otherwise there will be the threat of unemployment. For the industrial sector to develop new products and the development of better technology is always full of interest, in order to achieve these objectives, the U.S. Open to set up more than 10,000 laboratory. These labs employ nearly 380,000 scientists and engineers, spent a year in scientific research funding is also up to 250 million. Industrial Research is a research project in the United States a very important element, from government, universities, colleges, as well as private support for the consortium. Agriculture The United States is the world's most important agricultural countries in the world. Farm production in the United States each year 90,000,000,000 U.S. dollars worth of agricultural products. U.S. farmers produced 50 percent of the world's corn, oats 20%, and 15% of chicken, pork, cotton, tobacco and wheat. In 1850, the United States for almost three-fifths of the working population are farmers living. Today, only 5% (about 4,250,000), who is still farming. The vast majority of domestic livestock and food crops and industrial crops are relying on their production, as well as the supply of exports. Machinery and scientific farming methods widely used, making the need for more manpower savings. In 1820, an American farmers out of farming food supply can only 4 individuals; Today, a farmer by farming out food to feed 56 individuals. U.S. farmers use the tractor, seeder, cultivators, harvesters and other machinery engaged in farming, these little people will be able to operate a large farm. Modern farming law, including improvement of fertilizers, plant resistance to disease, crop rotation and animal husbandry science and the feeding method, and so on. Overproduction of crops, look for the market to become an important issue. About 90% of U.S. farmers own their land, while others hire other people's land for farming. A large-scale farms in the United States in the mid-1970s, the average size of each farm 440 acres. When become more and more mechanized farms, farm land area is constantly increasing. In the 1930s during the Great Depression, the federal government promulgated a series of laws to protect farmers against low-priced, over-control of grain, as well as to encourage soil and water conservation. These goals until today or federal agriculture an important part of the plan. U.S. grain farming land area of almost 33,600 hectares. Types of grain and farming methods, according to different soil and climate change. Rocky Mountain, as well as in New England, first of all farmers planting corn in order to support their families. Then, the small-scale farms also produce some of the daily supply of poultry and nearby cities. But in southern California, where farmers have found that the soil, climate, flat coastal plain of the land and are suitable for cultivation of tobacco and cotton, the cultivation of these crops to form a piece of land in a systematic and farms. In the Midwest, the Trail Blazers found a broad, fertile land suitable for a variety of cereals and pasture, today, this is only one-fifth of the land area of the United States, including the United States but 60% of the arable crops. Whether on the acreage or economic interests, the U.S. corn are the most important crops. Other important crops, respectively, followed by wheat, soybeans, tobacco, cotton, sugar beet, peanuts, sugar cane, citrus, barley, apples, grapes and many other crops. The United States for more than a quarter of the area are grasslands and pastures. 11 states in the western area of about 10,600 hectares of public land is divided into a number of pasture areas, the private owner of the ranch by the Ministry of the Interior permission, you can use these pasture areas. Beef and dairy farms in the United States is the most important livestock. Midwest farms as well as the western hilly region is the largest beef cattle feeding areas; cows with the United States from the southern United States, Minnesota, New England to extend. Most of the pigs reared in the Midwest corn belt. In the United States, almost every farmer has chickens are raised to supplement the family's meat and eggs. But there are also some large group of farmers in particular keeping the chicken meat or chicken eggs. Mining The total value of mineral resources of the United States each year about 600 billion U.S. dollars, of which the value of oil production accounted for almost all of the 40% of the value of the mineral. Coal is second only to the value of mineral oil, natural gas is ranked 3. With an annual output of the United States accounted for 18% of the world's natural coal and oil, and accounts for 45% of the world's natural gas. U.S. industrial sector in the increasingly urgent demand for minerals, mining is a series of challenges - they have to discover new mineral deposits. Surveyor was pick and shovel used to find veins. Today, however, mining companies and drilling companies who employ advanced training of engineers and geologists to find new veins. These experts also try a new approach by those who at one time was considered useless low mineral content, to extract the mineral. Petroleum industry is engaged in the scientific method to explore the best example. From the beginning of 1900, the experts continued to predict that the United States will soon end in a few years in domestic consumption of oil stocks. However, until today, the new oil field is constantly being uncovered. Engineers have invented a new method of oil extraction, many have abandoned oil field operation again. In any case, USA Today, the amount of oil so that she has to import oil from abroad. Experts believe that research better technology and more investigation, is to reduce oil imports must do. The U.S. mining industry to improve the work of the ring within pits Pei's contribution to be considerable. At the same time, it has also increased ore production. Only the Soviet Union and Saudi Arabia's oil production than the United States. Texas, the United States is a major oil producer, accounting for domestic oil production and 40% of the world's output of 6%. California, Louisiana and Texas is second only to oil production. At the same time, the United States is the world's largest natural gas production. Texas natural gas production by about 40 percent of domestic output, reserves accounted for 30% of the country. Only the Soviet Union's coal production is greater than the United States. The United States the largest distribution network in a coal mine in Illinois, Montana, West Virginia and Wyoming. 8 of the Mississippi River in the eastern province of the country's coal output accounted for about 78 percent of production. Pennsylvania is the United States are the only reserves of anthracite. The United States for more than four-fifths of the iron ore production were arrogant Lakes region of Lake Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. These soft ore by rail and shipping to Chicago, Pittsburgh steel these centers. The United States the use of one-third of the iron ore imports. U.S. production of copper in the first volume in the world. Main produced in Arizona, U.S. production accounts for almost half of total output. Utah is the second-largest U.S. copper production, production accounting for about one-seventh of the total output of the United States. Aluminum is a kind of iron known as bauxite production of 90%. In addition, Alabama and Georgia, there are iron ore bauxite. Often in the lead and zinc mining area in the same. The United States is the world's primary zinc production of the country. New York is the nation's largest zinc producing states. Missouri, is the most important lead-producing states. Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Nevada, South Dakota, Utah and most of the gold reserves of the United States. The main U.S. production of silver is the state of Arizona, Idaho, Montana and Utah. Trade The United States has the world's largest volume of trade, domestic trade and international trade much higher than that. Nearly 18 million Americans based on the wholesale or retail business to earn a decent living, the manipulation of these businessmen on the trade from wholesalers, department stores, down to the local grocery store. The United States each region to produce the most needed products, sales of the remaining material was re-shipped to other areas to sales. U.S. annual trade volume of domestic wholesale at about 5,800 billion U.S. dollars. The retail area by as much as 645 billion dollars. The mid-1970s, the United States each year from foreign import 1,200 billion U.S. dollars worth of goods, the output value of 11.5 billion U.S. dollars of goods. America's most important trade partner Canada is no doubt. The United States will export one-fifth of the goods shipped to Canada, but also to one-fifth of Canada's exports of U.S. goods in return. The other U.S. trading followed by Japan, West Germany and the United Kingdom. China and the United States, Brazil, France, India, Italy, Mexico, Venezuela and other countries have trade relations with China. U.S. exports of primary goods, including machinery, communications equipment, food, wild animals, products and raw materials (such as cotton, soybeans, minerals, etc.). The main fuel for the importation of goods, machinery, communications equipment, as well as processed products. Throughout the history of the U.S. economy is a success from the colonial economy in transition to the 20th century, the world's largest industrialized nations of the course. The U.S. economy, both capitalism and the characteristics of the mixed economy. In this system, enterprises and the private sector to do the main micro-economic decision-making, in domestic economic life of the minor role; However, the sum of all levels of government accounted for 36% of GDP; in developed countries, the United States of society A relatively small network of well-being, the business of government control is also lower than in other developed countries. In all regions of the country, different center of gravity of economic activity. For example: New York City is the financial services, publishing, broadcasting and advertising industries at the center; is a Los Angeles film and television production center; San Francisco Bay Area and the Pacific Northwest coast is a technology development center; Midwest manufacturing and heavy industry center of Detroit is Famous motor city, Chicago is the region's financial and commercial center; to the south-eastern Chinese medicine research, tourism and building materials industry as the main industry and because of its salary costs lower than other regions, the manufacturing sector continued to attract investment. U.S. service sector accounted for the largest proportion of three-quarters of the country's labor in the service industry. The United States has abundant mineral resources, including gold, oil and uranium, but many of the energy supply are dependent on foreign imports. The United States is the world's largest agricultural exporting countries, mainly agricultural products, including corn, wheat, sugar and tobacco, the Great Plains in the central and western areas of agricultural production so that it astonishing as the "granary of the world." U.S. industrial products include the automotive, aircraft and electronic products. The United States also have well-developed tourism industry, ranking third in the world. U.S. aircraft also, iron and steel, electronic equipment and arms of the major exporting countries. The nation's largest trading partner is adjacent to Canada (19%), China (12%), Mexico (11%) and Japan (8%), followed by a day, up to about 1,100,000,000 U.S. dollars worth of products flow through the United States and Canada The national boundaries. The U.S. economy is considered to be the world's largest and most important economies. U.S. economy is highly developed, the world's countries with currencies pegged to the dollar, while the U.S. stock market is considered a barometer of the world economy. Although the United States per capita income among the best in the world, but the relative concentration of wealth, and Western Europe, compared to 40% of the population is relatively more poverty, and 20% of the more affluent. Since 1975, the low level of social mobility, the polarization of the labor market, the fruits of economic growth at the higher end of the flow of 20% of the families, the gap is due to the relatively higher in terms of economic freedom arising. However, the Gini coefficient, as shown in the United States that the average household income is still much higher than the vast majority of industrialized countries. And the United Nations in its "2006 Human Development Report," which the United States of the Human Development Index, the United States of the poorest 20% of the human development index and the self-proclaimed "superiority of socialism" of communist Cuba's National Human Development The same index. Since the 1980s, Ronald Reagan's presidency, the United States increased by neo-liberal economic policies on the use and reduce government intervention in the economy and reduce the size of the welfare system, since abandoned since the Great Depression of the long-standing, bias Kaiensipai interventionist economic policies. As a result, the U.S. government to provide social welfare services than other industrialized countries have little to lower domestic taxes and more dependent on the free market and private charities on.