Brazil, Argentina Economic Report

First, Brazil, Argentina Summary Brazil is located in the eastern part of South America, Eastern Atlantic Ocean, with the exception of Chile and Ecuador, with all the bordering countries of South America. Brazil's land area of 8,547,000 square kilometers, accounting for South America with a total area of 46%, second only to Russia, Canada, China and the United States, the world's fifth-largest country, the largest in South America. Brazil have the best and most Latin American industrial system, economic strength among the first in Latin America. The economic structure close to the level of developed countries, output and employment services sector, with a population of over 50%. Brazil once in the history of a single agricultural economies, sugar, coffee and so on for their main cash crops. From the 50s of the last century, Brazil "import substitution" economic model, and a large number of relying on borrowing to obtain the economic take-off, with gross domestic product in 1968-1973 average annual growth rate of 10%, to create a "Brazilian miracle" and Preliminarily established a relatively complete industrial system. In the 1980s, Brazil is facing a serious debt crisis, plagued by high inflation and severe economic stagnation and even recession. 90 from the start, Brazil to export-oriented economy in transition mode. In 1994 the Government implemented a real plan, an effective solution to the problem of high inflation, on the basis of which had a macro-economic structural reform, vigorously promote privatization. In 1997, as a result of the Asian and Russian financial crisis, Brazil hampered economic development. In early 1999, the Brazilian financial market turbulence, the government was forced to give up in 1994 since the implementation of the fixed exchange rate system, the sharp currency depreciation in the economy has been hit. As the Brazilian government has implemented stringent fiscal adjustment measures to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, so that rapid economic growth on the road to recovery, economic growth in 2000 reached 4.46 percent, and inflation has been basically brought under control. In 2001, global economic recession, Argentina's economic crisis and domestic electricity crisis, the Palestinian economy growth rate dropped to 2-2.5%. Lula came to power in 2003 after the implementation of the balanced development, social justice and stability in economic policy, taxation and promote social welfare reform, increased social investment to address poverty, employment and other issues, the results. In recent years, Brazil has to rid itself of the financial crisis, the economic development of a stable, rapid export growth, inflation under control. In 2006, Brazil's gross domestic product of about 1 trillion dollars, more than South Korea, the world's 10th largest economy. At present, the stability of the financial situation in Brazil, the increase in the inflow of foreign capital, production resumed growth, improve the employment situation, to achieve moderate economic growth. Argentina is located in the south-eastern South America, covering an area of 2,780,000 square kilometers, second only to Brazil is South America's second-largest country. Argentina has South America is the most economically developed countries, their industry categories, developed agriculture and animal husbandry, known as "the world's granary and meat library." But in early 2001 after the financial crisis hit, the sharp currency depreciation in the severe recession of the national economy, social unrest plunged into intense, the evacuation of a large number of investors in Argentina. Suffered heavy losses after the financial crisis, Argentina began to reflect on the country's economic development model. Kirchner came to power after Argentina's economic policies have been adjusted to ensure the smooth functioning of the economy and the health of public finances has become the core of the government's economic policy, at the same time the Government has stepped up its financial markets and regulatory intervention. ? In recent years, the world economy to grow steadily in the international market on higher prices of primary products for the financial crisis in Argentina out of the predicament created a favorable external environment. 4 recent years, Argentina's GDP average growth rate of about 8%, among the highest in Latin America. Kirchner during the administration of the Afghan government to pursue sound fiscal policy, foreign trade surplus at a high, the ability to resist financial risks greatly enhanced, maintain a healthy macro-economic operation. During this period, the proportion of poor people in Argentina from 54% to 23.4% from 17.8% unemployment rate decreased to 8.2 percent, the salary level of funding each year to maintain double-digit growth. Argentina before the National Assembly also amended the relevant laws, tax cuts for low-income and accumulate wealth. On the one hand, these measures greatly alleviate the social conflicts, on the other hand, the growing strength of the middle class, for Argentina's economic development and social stability to create favorable conditions. Argentine First Lady Cristina in October last year, the presidential election to win big advantage, was elected president. Kirchner's government economic policies continued. In recent years, Argentina is still slowly emerging from the shadow of financial crisis, the rapid development of the economy onto a fast track. Second, Brazil, Argentina to monitor the price situation Brazil since 1945 to start the process of industrialization. During 1945-60, encountered serious inflation, the Brazilian government has been trying to use administrative measures to control prices. From 1945 to 1993 only, prices on many occasions by the national government regulation and administrative intervention. But each time found after the intervention price, although the emergence of short-term price drop and rebound in the near future, resulting in three or four decades in repeated many times inflation, a vicious cycle. In the face of this situation, Brazil will be opened in 1994 as imports of national policy. In a large number of inexpensive imported goods under the impact of that, in order to seek the survival of domestic commodity prices also decreased gradually formed a level playing field for a virtuous circle of the situation, stabilize domestic market prices. In addition, Brazil is also appropriate to adjust the import and export tariffs, exchange rates and interest rates and other economic means, so that the Brazilian inflation rate has stabilized at about 4% in order to fundamentally stabilize the price Brazil, so that the national economy onto a sustained Development. Brazil is a market-oriented economy, in addition to a small number of countries involved in the national economy and people's major commodities such as energy, transportation, pharmaceuticals and some food prices due to control by the state, most of the commodity prices are determined by the market. The main means of price control: energy, unity from state-owned enterprises - Brazilian oil company responsible for the planning, production, sales and pricing; subway, unified by the state-owned enterprises - Brazil Mass Transit Railway Corporation is responsible for the planning, management, is responsible for the development of prices and subsidies; public transport, national Every three years for open tender for the right to operate the line, determined to take the survival of the fittest Ventures, a private company to obtain the right to operate the line at the same time clearly in the contract price; Highway, the former state-owned highway through open tender to sell 25 years The right to operate, operation and management standards and prices were clearly in the contract; aviation, water transport through the competition to obtain the right to operate the route, the price determined by the market; drugs, the state of the national production of drugs commonly used to stabilize prices; on rice , Daily necessities such as milk, Suihangjiushi prices, but those who take low-income subsidies. Brazil is responsible for the management of prices is under the Ministry of Finance of Brazil's economic development and price office, the agency does not directly manage prices, but rather to investigate and control, and price subsidies. Monopoly on the sale of high-priced, low-price dumping, counterfeit and inferior, in violation of intellectual property rights, unified by the Consumers Association to address the economy or to the court by the prosecution CaseTrust, the court can be based on the seriousness of the parties to the imposition of fines, cancellation of the right to operate until Be held criminally responsible. Argentina is also to introduce a market economy country, the vast majority of commodity prices determined by the market, the Government does not intervene directly. However, a number of important commodity prices, when the abnormal fluctuations, often by increasing government subsidies to carry out control measures. In recent years, such as to curb the price rise, the Government has increased the food, public transport and services in areas such as subsidies. In the first quarter of this year, the Albanian government into the types of government subsidies to reach 4,588,000,000 pesos (1 peso 3.18 U.S. dollars), more than 132 percent increase over the same period last year. One for energy and food subsidies increase significantly, in the field of energy subsidies reach 2,548,000,000 pesos, an increase of 218 percent. In the first quarter at a time when Argentina's Southern Hemisphere summer, the peak period for electricity, power supply is very tight, government subsidies to increase efforts to ensure a normal supply of electricity. In addition, due to international market prices of agricultural products, in the first quarter of this year, the Albanian government food subsidies in the 4.3 billion pesos, is 3 times the same period last year. Argentina is currently lower than domestic food prices in the international market prices, which spread a large part of the product, the Albanian government to maintain domestic price stability, we must continue to increase food subsidies. In addition, the delegation of Brazil, Argentina between the two countries and protect the housing price research conducted focus. Brazil, Argentina is the private ownership of land, housing a full market price, the Government does not directly control prices, the only group to provide low-interest loans to low-income public housing building, the so-called "Singapore residential" to the gradual eradication of slums. At present, Brazil, Argentina ongoing slum upgrading is funded by the federal government, the city government in charge of the land, building infrastructure and undertake specific operations, and rely on local community management and slum families together to complete a comprehensive reform plan. ? Brazil for the federal government's national housing construction, there are three main sources of funding channels, one staff security fund, and the other is turned over to 3% of the enterprise fund and the third is from the construction budget. Argentina slum upgrading projects by governmental organizations, public bidding, building successful businesses, to give priority to low-income families to choose the local workforce to participate in construction projects, which can greatly increase their employment opportunities and improve revenue. Brazil slum upgrading the distribution of housing are two ways for the lowest-income families, the government provided free housing and free rent, utilities and so on all charges. For low-income families will have to pay low rent on a monthly basis and paid in full 17 years after the owner of the property. The national housing market trading, Brazil provides that if the property has been bought, lived in 5-10 years can be traded, all of the personal income, but the head of the family can no longer apply for a new public housing. Slum demolition reconstruction of the distribution of housing in general smaller area, is to meet the basic needs of living, population and family situation and inter-generational distribution. Argentina, the average floor area of 50 square meters to 70, at Room 000, Room 000, Room 000, and so on. Brazil's low-income housing in general use in the area of 50 square meters or so, for the lowest income families with housing in general in the 38 to 40 square meters. The private development of housing, in the general area of 70 to 160 square meters, the price of 140000-400000 Palestinian dollars (1 U.S. dollars or about 4 Pakistani currency). More high-end residential and about 400 square meters, the price of 2,000,000 yen around Pakistan. The Brazilian Government has drawn up a national housing plan, to plan for all residents to provide appropriate housing, and to encourage self-built housing residents. At the same time, to take discrimination, focusing on low-income families in subsidized policies for different income groups to provide housing loans. The annual income equivalent to 1-3 times the minimum income line of low-income, the lowest annual income equivalent to 3-6 times the revenue line of middle-income class, you can buy government investment in the construction of housing, and to achieve a minimum annual interest rate of 1% Long-term preferential loans, they buy houses and the price level is different. Third, the harvest and experience Through this visit, study to understand the South American country's market prices, an increase of knowledge, a wide field of vision, was inspired benefit. (A) of the Government in commodity prices, an important regulation mechanism of inspiration. The first is the introduction of competition in the market, breaking the monopoly price. Brazil, Argentina and China are developing countries, but between the two countries with a high degree of privatization, market economic system better, especially in terms of price regulation on maximizing the role of market mechanism. Will be opened as a national policy of Brazil, by opening the door to participate in international competition, domestic enterprises will be placed on the international market competitive environment, the survival of the fittest, and thus break the monopoly, lower prices and keep prices low. According to the Brazilian Association of Economists Punia, Brazil since 1994 to implement the open door policy, by reducing import tariffs, export proper control, such as adjusting interest rates means a substantial decline in domestic prices. For example, the telecommunications industry, operating exclusively in the past, loaded up the phone to a few thousand dollars, in Sao Paulo, Brazil's fastest-growing areas, the installation of a telephone to wait for two years. Now a phone call to the installed capacity, and also to avoid the initial installation fee; Another example is the automobile industry also has been a great opening. The second is to promote the development of production, means to be used with caution administrative intervention. Mr. Punia said that in Brazil in 1994 before the implementation of a number of interventions to suppress the price, just the opposite effect. Practice has shown that simply take administrative measures, not the development of production, restrictions are only temporary, and the inevitable price rebound. Argentina's domestic market more price regulation is to increase subsidies to promote the development of production. In the current international food prices against the background of the two basic food prices remain stable. China's current market price continued to rise, especially food prices higher, to prevent fast economic growth to overheating and prevent prices rising structural evolution of the obvious inflation this year to become China's macro-control priority and an important goal. In an important part of the goods and services to implement temporary price intervention measures at the same time, we must control the prices of the two countries learn from the experience and lessons focus on commodity-related production and supply, to intervene in the selection of varieties, production and marketing of the burden, promote Production increased supply as well as subsidies to support policy co-ordination should consider implementation of the joint, with a view to promoting a virtuous circle, and sustainable development.

South American economic integration of the new trend

Covering a population of more than 300,000,000, the GDP size of the economies of more than 1.5 trillion U.S. dollars in South America's economies, walk alone in the lonely walk alone to do things on the age, in recent years as the "BRICs" and "VISTA" burst of red, also in the international arena Rapidly became; and the emerging potential of special international organizations, whether its substance, the mode of operation, future development trends and impact of that? Know who is worth pondering in-depth, there is still room for further observation ... BRIC concept has been moved to attract many international companies have been engaged in the BRIC markets, as the Golden one of Brazil's natural that this has become the next wave of beneficiaries. Austin Rating Consultant based on the revised formula, in 2005 Brazil's GDP over South Korea, the Netherlands, as well as Australia, the world's 10th largest economy. In addition to the outside of Brazil, BRICs Economic Research Institute will be Argentina as the next wave of proposals

Events in South America (the economy)

Latin America, the number of mobile phone users has reached 83,400,000, surpassing the 83,000,000 of the region's number of fixed phone users. Jan 7: The Central Bank of Brazil in U.S. and European markets to issue 12.5 billion dollars in long-term global bonds. Jan 13: Venezuela's domestic savers and investors rush to buy a large number of dollars, the U.S. dollar resulted in short supply, to reduce the state treasury reserves. Earlier this year, less than two weeks since the period of time, the Central Bank of Venezuela's foreign exchange reserves dropped to 4.2 million. At present, the country's foreign exchange reserves have dropped to 17,830,000,000 U.S. dollars more than in early 2000 of 21,240,000,000 U.S. dollars a decrease of 3,410,000,000 U.S. dollars. Jan 16: Mexico Attorney General's Office and military investigators in the northern state of Tamaulipas Li Basi captured the city of Matamoros, the country's main drug cartels one of the "Group of the Gulf", the third leader Saucedo and other 9 000 drug traffickers. In 2001, various anti-drug operation in Mexico, police seized a total of 469 tons of marijuana, 7.66 tons of cocaine and a large quantity of opium and heroin. In addition, destroyed 13 drug processing plant, a 1493 confiscation of motor vehicles, 11 boats, 7 aircraft, as well as large amounts of cash and weapons. A total of 5538 drug-smuggling suspects arrested in anti-narcotics operations. On the same day, Peru, according to statistics released by the Gold Commission report, the country's 2001 gold production was 135 tons more than in 2000 2.4 tons, the highest record. Antapite the south-central Peru, La Jinu Santa Rosa and three new mine started production in 2001, making that year gold production over the previous year, a sharp increase. Peru had planned to gold mining in areas such as re-investment 700,000,000 U.S. dollars, so that gold production over the next 6 years to reach 170 tons. January 21: United States Agency for International Data Corporation announced the transfer study report points out that in 2001 broadband users in Latin America grew 175 percent, and Latin American countries broadband users the fastest-growing in Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Venezuela, whose Growth rate of more than 100%. Jan. 25: Bogota, Colombia A bomb exploded, killing 6 people were killed and 9 others were injured. Since 2002, in order to force the Government to make concessions in peace talks, the two Colombian anti-government armed groups have stepped up attacks on government targets and to the frequent damage to civilian facilities. In the capital, Bogota, near the province of Meta and Cundinamarca, there are 22 high-voltage power transmission tower was blown up, to the Bogota city to provide drinking water reservoirs in a large electric gates also were damaged, affecting the capital Electricity and water supplies. Feb. 2: In 2001, foreign investment in Chile 5,521,000,000 U.S. dollars, representing 48.7 percent increase in 2000. Chile Foreign Investment Committee reported that in 2001 Chile to absorb the bulk of foreign investment concentrated in the telecommunications industry, transport, water, electricity and gas and mining industry into three sectors accounted for foreign investment in the country that year the total foreign investment of 27.1 percent, 19.2 % And 19% respectively. Chile absorbed 37.1 percent of foreign investment from the United States. From Italy, Spain and Australia's foreign investment capital accounted for 19.4 percent of the total, 9.1% and 8.3%. Feb. 6: Venezuela's Atlantic continental shelf Deertana natural gas development program officially started. Feb. 6: The Government of Chile in 2002 decided to increase investment in the tourism industry, the financial allocation by the State 2,000,000 U.S. dollars for the tourism sector and promote tourism development projects. Feb. 8: UNESCO reported that existing in Latin America about 22,000,000 school-age young people can not enter the primary and secondary school. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru, 7 Latin American countries, universal primary education; Costa Rica, Uruguay and Venezuela 3, and other countries close to achieving universal primary education. Latin America, there are still about 2,000,000 school-age children into primary school unable to read, or primary school-age children, about 20%. Latin America, age is only 54 percent of middle school students to be able to schools, out-of-school youths of about 20,000,000 people. In addition, conditional on the University of young people account for only 20% of school-age youth, and even some countries, only 12%. Feb. 19: Central Bank of Chile decided to guiding the country's banks to reduce interest rates by 0.5 percentage points, deposit and loan interest rates from 6.0% to 5.5%. This is the second time this year, Chile guiding banks to lower interest rates. March 4: Peru in the Andean region in the north heavy rains, causing the river run wild, to the lives of local residents and caused serious property damage. Cajamarca province cajabamba City Luliqiuke the upper reaches of the river flood so far has resulted in at least one person dead and 40 missing and 18 injured. In addition, the floods also caused the city's water and electricity, traffic disruption, and destroyed a number of houses, bridges and roads and other public facilities. March 5: The Uruguay government and the International Monetary Fund to provide emergency loans reached an agreement. International Monetary Fund, in principle, the Government made sure that Uruguay's economic development plan and agreed to provide 2 years 400,000,000 U.S. dollars loan to Uruguay to help finance an urgent need to address. March 5: The Central Bank of Brazil on the international market to issue 12.5 billion dollars in global bonds. The bonds for a period of 6 years, the annual return rate of 11.736%. Brazil initially plans to issue 750,000,000 U.S. dollars of bonds, but because of well-known U.S. investment institutions by the end of February to improve the prospects for Brazil's bond rating, these bonds by investors in hot pursuit, the subscription amount of up to 30 million. March 12: Brazil famous tourist city add to the epidemic of dengue fever in Rio de Janeiro. Nearly 24 hours to identify new patients up to 4213 people, making the city since the beginning of this year, the total number of patients reached 37,750 people. So far, died of dengue fever in Rio de Janeiro, a total of 23 people, ranking first in Jeonju. Rio de Janeiro as a whole the total number of dengue patients has more than 80,000 people dead has reached 35. March 12: Central Bank of Chile to the bank to guide interest rate of 0.75 percentage points lower deposit, lending rate from 5.5 percent down from 4.75 percent. This year Chile is the third consecutive month, Bank of guiding interest rates lower. April 19: In order to save on the verge of collapse of the financial system, the Central Bank of Argentina announced an indefinite cessation of banking and foreign currency exchange transactions. This is the central bank's aim is to prevent the freezing of bank financial control system of funding as a result of the intervention of the judiciary and a large number of outflow, thus avoiding the Argentine banking system as a whole pay for the crisis occurred. A senior central bank official said the government prepared to submit to Congress a "freezing of all bank deposits to the bond proposal" was passed by Congress after the banking and bureaux de change will it be possible to resume normal operation. June 10: Chile Civil Aviation Authority to stop the capital of Peru, Chile Continental Airlines all flight activities, sparked the dispute between the two countries. Is the cause of the Civil Aviation Authority, Continental Airlines asked Chile to use the cash to pay its airport and maintenance cost 3000 U.S. dollars, said the company refused. This matter has aroused strong repercussions in Peru. Peru Parliament adopted a resolution calling for an immediate halt to the Government of Chile Peru airline subsidiary of all business activities. June 14: The Andean Community of Nations's two largest trading partners of Venezuela and Colombia in the first 5 months of 2002 bilateral trade volume amounted to only 780,000,000 U.S. dollars the same period last year dropped by 25%. Venezuela in January 2002 to May of Colombia's exports to 289,000,000 U.S. dollars, and 491,000,000 U.S. dollars of imports, the trade deficit more than 200,000,000 U.S. dollars. June 13: Brazilian Minister of Finance announced Malan, Brazil spent about 10,000,000,000 U.S. dollars of the International Monetary Fund special drawing rights, to fight against Brazil's financial speculation in order to stabilize the volatile domestic financial markets. Agreed to by the International Monetary Fund, Brazil's foreign exchange reserves from the lower limit of 20,000,000,000 U.S. dollars to reduce to 150 billion U.S. dollars, the Central Bank in order to be able to use more of our foreign exchange reserves to intervene in the foreign exchange market, and in the international market by speculators to buy back a serious impact on Brazil's Short-term bonds. June 23: The Government of Venezuela Bolivia eliminated from the beef import ban. By the end of 2001, as a result of discovery of beef imports from Bolivia, and other fast-food hamburger food did not meet health standards, the Government had appointed issued a ban on beef imports from Bolivia ban. June 28: Police announced that Bolivia, La Paz, seat of the Bolivian government on the outskirts of major traffic accidents occurred, killing at least 31 people were killed and 12 were seriously injured. The vicious traffic accidents occurred in La Paz suburb of Villa search area to Los Kiyonga of of a small town on the highway. A full load of passengers in the car at high speed in all of a sudden out of control and crashed into the street 350 meters deep valley, resulting in numerous casualties. Initial investigations showed that the rain to wet and the driver was speeding caused a major traffic accident that the main reason. July 5: Chile parts of the outbreak of chicken flu, all Latin American countries have stopped imports of poultry products, Chile. Chile chicken producers association said that in order to prevent the spread of chicken flu, Chile has already slaughtered 500,000 chickens and caused huge economic losses. July 16: The Government of Chile announced that in order to protect its business interests, decided to import some steel products imposed 10% tariff. Provisions of the Act, at least in the next year, Chile will import hot-rolled sheet, plate and wire rod 10% of the tariff imposed to prevent the recurrence of such low-priced foreign products to enter Chile, damage their own iron and steel enterprises. July 31: Uruguay's Economy and Finance Minister Gary Atsou confirmed that after a long and difficult negotiations, the International Monetary Fund and the United States to Uruguay 1,500,000,000 U.S. dollars to provide emergency assistance to Uruguay to help ease the shortage of funds in the banking system to meet the urgent needs. The above-mentioned foreign aid funds on August 2 to the Central Bank of Uruguay to the Department. 1,500,000,000 U.S. dollars of international loans to Uruguay to make the financial system from collapse. August 1: As the country's financial situation deteriorated, the lives of low-income people become more difficult. Uruguay's capital Montevideo, there have been large-scale strikes and processions and meetings, asked the Government to guarantee the basic needs of residents. Montevideo, some of the criminals were looting shops, at least 20 people were arrested and several others in clashes with police were injured. August 4: Uruguay both houses of parliament were passed bill to stabilize the banking system in order to stabilize the banking system and prevent the country's foreign exchange reserves continue to drain. Uruguay economy has been in the past two years as a result of the Brazilian currency devaluation of the Argentine financial crisis and the dual impact of the devastated. In 2001, Uruguay's GDP fell 3.1 percent in the first quarter fell 10.1 percent in 2002, the year is expected to drop 8%. Since the beginning of 2002, Uruguay intense turmoil in financial markets, China's foreign exchange reserves from 3,000,000,000 U.S. dollars to 10 billion U.S. dollars, 66% loss; foreign currency deposits of the banking system of personal loss of 30%; national currency devaluation rate of 41.8 percent. Aug. 11: Argentina National Bureau of Statistics released by the income report showed that the economic and financial crisis, Argentina rise in the unemployment rate, low-income revenue fell sharply, leading to the current social Argentina income gap between rich and poor has widened, reaching The country's history, a record level. Since the 1970s, Argentina National Bureau of Statistics began to investigate the social gap between rich and poor statistics, Argentina's richest and the poorest of the two sectors of the growing income gap, of which 70 during which the former is 6 times that of the 80's 20 times; decline in the early 90's, but in 1993 began expanding; in 2001 to 33.9 times, 46.6 times that of 2002. Buenos Aires, the capital and surrounding areas are the poorest 300,000 families, has a population of 1,500,000, the per capita monthly income of about 29 pesos a day, less than 1 peso (about 30 cents); 300,000 The richest family, with a total population of 647,000 people, per capita monthly income for 1364 pesos. Sept. 2: Bolivia, La Paz, the seat of government on the outskirts of major traffic accidents occurred, killing at least 32 people were killed and 12 others were injured. Sept. 3: In the devaluation of the peso and assets of the double impact of Argentina's dollar-denominated assets of commercial banks appear more than 200 billion dollars in a huge deficit, the whole banking system is effectively bankrupt. September 7: From the beginning of the year, the dengue epidemic spread rapidly in Latin America, Latin America, 9 countries a total of 27 million people infected with dengue fever, of which nearly 100 people died of hemorrhagic dengue fever deaths. Brazil's dengue epidemic spread of the most serious in the first 4 months on was found in patients with dengue fever in the past 20 million, of which 62 people died. Honduras the number of dengue patients for 23,900 people dead and 16; El Salvador for 4251, 10 people died; Guatemala 2118, the death of 4; Mexico 3819, 4 people died. Venezuela has also been found in patients with dengue fever 26,400 people, Costa Rica 5612, 3500 Ecuador, Peru 2050 people. 4 countries which have not yet occurred in a patient death. Sept. 11: Latvia archaeologists from the Riga 120 km northeast of Simiertai in a nearby lake and found a sleeping Ancient Boat thousands of years. It is the ancient people used to Latvia and the relocation of the fishing boat. Ship captain 4.2 m, 0.48 m wide. Strangely enough, at the rear of the boat has a big hole in the other Ancient Boat extremely rare, at least 5,000 years. September 26: Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso and visiting Argentine President Duhalde, co-chaired the signing of a number of agreements in order to promote the two countries and the countries of the Southern Common Market trade development and the elimination of trade disputes between the two countries. Under the agreement, Brazil and Argentina in the automotive trade will gradually increase the duty-free imports for the other side of the ratio, and in 2006 the full realization of a free trade car; Argentina will put an end to pork from Brazil, the anti-dumping investigations and in the next 30 Days of the cessation of related anti-dumping measures; In addition, the central bank between the two countries will "credit mutual agreement" with a mechanism to enhance mutual line of credit to import enterprises to solve the problem of payment arrears, the two countries so as to encourage enterprises to increase exports. Sept. 30: Argentina's Economy Ministry issued a communique, the first 8 months of this year, the Arab-Israeli foreign trade surplus reached a total of 10,959,000,000 U.S. dollars. By the economic crisis, Argentina 8 months of import and export trade has fallen substantially and exports of 16,768,000,000 U.S. dollars for the same period last year fell 8 percent, while imports amounted to 5,808,000,000 U.S. dollars, the decline of 62%. October 9: The United Nations Office in Mexico pointed out that the economic crisis in Argentina and Brazil, there are factors of instability will have an impact on other Latin American countries in 2002 economic growth. The report said that in 2002 Latin America's gross domestic product from 6 months before the projected growth of 0.3 percent to reduce the 0.9 percent decline, the regional economy as a whole will be negative growth. Oct. 10: Latin America and the Caribbean as a result of the growing phenomenon of desertification, the region's arable soil degradation, poverty, population growth, and financial losses. Latin America and the Caribbean so far has been more than 300,000,000 hectares of land desertification, nearly 2 million hectares of farmland soil degradation. Three-quarters of the region-wide drought has been the land of "moderate or severe desertification." And every year to desertification in Latin America caused a direct economic loss of up to 20 million. Nov 22: The Argentine government announced this month since the lifting of 25 already in place for nearly a year of the current bank savings accounts and restrictions on withdrawals. This means that tens of thousands of depositors are free to dominate the bank savings and current accounts of about 210 million pesos (about 5,900,000,000 U.S. dollars) deposit. The Albanian government does not include measures to freeze bank deposits. Nov. 29: Argentina and Uruguay to connect the natural gas pipeline officially opened. Argentine President Duhalde and President Jorge Batlle of Uruguay, attended the opening ceremony. The gas pipeline at the starting point for the suburbs of Buenos Aires, Argentina Bilal angle, across the Rio de la Plata pipeline, the city of Colonia in Uruguay's landing, and then through the province of San Jose and Canelones Province finally arrived in the capital city of Montevideo, the total length of 405 km. Projects with a total investment of 150,000,000 U.S. dollars. Dec. 1: Venezuelan capital of Caracas, a small downtown discotheque in the early morning of the day the peak of business suddenly caught fire, 47 people were killed in the fire. Dec. 3: Peru national anti-drug Bureau announced this year, secret national anti-drug police carried out anti-drug operation has seized 127 tons of various drugs and arrested 12,400 drug trafficking suspects. Dec 3: U.S. bank JP Morgan announced that Brazil will be the government bonds rating from "neutral" fell "below average" and recommended investors reduced holdings of Brazilian bonds. Affected by this, the international market, Brazil's main bond prices fell 1.38 percent, the country risk index rose 1.4 percent to 1549 points. In the domestic financial markets, Brazil's currency, the real against the U.S. dollar fell 1.8 percent. Dec. 2: Venezuela to hold the country's total opposition strike to demand Chavez accept the "advisory referendum." Venezuela oil company part of the first-line managers and workers have joined the ranks of the strike, leading to the country's oil sector under-employed. Venezuela's oil sector is a pillar of the economy, 80 percent of the country's source of foreign exchange and 50% of the revenue sources of income to rely on the oil sector. Dec. 5: Brazil oil company announced that the company in the northern part of the seabed in the Persian Gulf Hom found a crude oil reserves of 3 million barrels of oil. This is the last two years, Brazil has made oil exploration is another major achievement.

South America's largest economic integration organizations, the Southern Common Market Council to support the Government of Bolivia

Southern Common Market Council 15 in Montevideo, capital of Uruguay issued a statement, expressed support for the Government of Bolivia. The statement said that the firm support of the Common Market of the South lawful government of Bolivia to support the people of Bolivia elected leaders and government agencies. Recently, Bolivia occurred in a number of large-scale demonstrations, protesters were not satisfied with Bolivian President Evo Morales to the economic and social policy, the road blockade, occupation of government agencies, destruction of public facilities such as a series of activities. Morales believes that this is the destruction of elements in the implementation of the United States supports a "civil coup" in an attempt to overthrow the current government. Mercosur is South America's largest regional economic integration organizations, member states are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela, Mercosur Parliament based in Montevideo